01出货规格、日期与合同规定不符造成收汇风险
出口方未按合同或信用证规定交货。
1:生产厂误工,造成晚交货;
2:用类似规格的产品代替合同规定的产品;
3:成交价格低,以次充好。
02单证质量差造成收汇风险
03信用证规定的陷阱条款所造成的风险
出口工作涉及方方面面,且两头在外,易出现问题。如果企业没有完整的业务管理办法,一旦出现官司,会造成有理打不赢的局面,尤其对那些只注重电话联系的企业。其次,由于每年企业的客源在扩大,为了企业在贸易中有的放矢,必然要对每一个客户建立业务档案,包括资信度、贸易量等等,逐年进行筛选,降低业务风险。
对出口业务来讲,代理制的真正做法是代理方不向委托方垫付资金,盈亏由委托方承担,代理方仅收取一定的代理费用。而现在实际业务操作中,不是这样。其原因一是自己本身客户少,收汇能力差,又要力争完成指标;二是想多盈利,嫌代理费少。
延期付款方式是一种远期商业付款方式,如出口方接受了这种方式就等于给进口商融资优惠。虽然开证人自愿支付延期的利息,表面上仅需出口商垫款、放款,实质上是客户等待货物到港后查验到货的数量。如市场变化销路不畅,进口商可申请银行拒付。有些公司放货给国外做生意的同学、朋友。以为是关系客户,不存在收不了汇的问题。一旦出现市场销售不畅,或客户问题,不但钱收不回,货也可能收不回。
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